The composite films can withstand 6000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3.5 mm and obtain a temperature of up to 100 ☌ with a low driving voltage (6 V), a fast heating response (within 15 s) and heating rate (about 4.933 ☌/s). Meanwhile, the prepared SWCNT and SWCNT/AgNW composite films exhibit excellent heating stability, temperature uniformity and resistance to bending. For example, the square resistances of the SWCNT thin film and SWCNT/AgNW composite film were 69.92 and 17.44 Ω/□ and the optical transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm were 50.70% and 66.77%, respectively. The conductivity, transmittance, mechanical flexibility and heating ability were evaluated in detail. Large-area (16 cm × 32 cm) conductive films, consisting of SWCNT or SWCNT/silver nanowire (AgNW) films, were fabricated for the first time by R2R gravure printing technique. In this work, we have developed an eco-friendly and fast method for the preparation of large-area high-performance single-walled-carbon-nanotube (SWCNT)-based conductive thin films on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing technology. Therefore, flexible THs proposed are expected to be widely used in defogging systems, smart windows, and other flexible electronic devices. The THs exhibited uniform heating distribution, fast thermal response, good repeatability and long-term working stability. Furthermore, transparent heaters (THs) were fabricated with the MXene/AgNW/graphene hybrid TCFs. As a result, the TCF displayed good photoelectric performance (14.4 Ω/sq with 87.5% transmittance at 550 nm), low surface roughness, enhanced adhesion and stability. MXene sheets in the bottom acted as the intermediate layer between substrates and AgNWs could significantly improve the adhesion, graphene could be used as protective layer, and both filled the AgNW network to improve conductivity and flatness. In the work, hybrid TCFs with a sandwiched structure composed of MXene, AgNW, and graphene were proposed. Hybridization with other materials has been an effective method to improve the photoelectric performance and stability of silver nanowire (AgNW) based transparent conductive films (TCFs). Therefore, combining various printing technologies with AgNWs ink may provide more opportunities for the development of flexible electronic devices in the future. Finally, the applications of AgNWs-based FTCF in solar cells, transparent film heaters, optoelectronic devices, touch panel, and sensors are introduced in detail. In addition, the latest methods to improve the conductivity, adhesion, and stability of AgNWs-based FTCF are introduced. The current printing technologies are described, including gravure printing, screen printing and inkjet printing. Here, the preparation and performance of AgNW ink are introduced. AgNWs-based FTCF fabricated by using printed electronic technology is considered to be the most promising process. Due to its simple process, printed electronic technology is now an important technology for the rapid production of low-cost and high-quality flexible electronic devices. Due to comprehensive performances on optoelectronics, FTCF based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks have received great attention and are expected to be a new generation of transparent conductive film materials. Nowadays, flexible transparent conductive film (FTCF) is one of the important components of many flexible electronic devices. This work shows that high-performance transparent heaters can be fabricated using all-sprayed oxide/silver-nanowire composite coatings, that are compatible with large-scale and low-cost production. A steady-state temperature of ~130 ☌ is achieved at an applied bias of 3.5 V, with fast heater response times, with a time constant of ~4 s The heater is mechanically stable, reaching or surpassing 100 ☌ (at 3.5 V), under tensile, respectively, compressive-bending stress. The resulting transparent heaters have a high mean transmittance of 0.76 (including the substrate) and sheet resistance of 7.5 Ω/sq. The IZO layers entirely embed the silver nanowires, offering protection against environmental degradation and decreasing the junction resistance of the nanowire network. This architecture could be materialized through the development of a low-temperature (240 ☌) spray-pyrolysis process for the IZO layers, which is compatible with the thermal stability of the transparent polyimide substrate and allows for the formation of compact and transparent layers, without precipitates. A flexible transparent heater is presented, based on an all-sprayed composite architecture of indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) layers that sandwich a network of silver nanowires, on a polyimide-foil substrate.
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